<p>The Fire Station No. 4 was built in 1904 a mile west of the capitol in Madison, Wisconsin, when fire engines were still pulled by horses. In 1984 the building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Up to 1900 Madison&#39;s fire stations were all on the isthmus, where the early city grew. In 1901 the city bought a lot on Frances Street for another station on the isthmus, but the city was rapidly expanding west, and there was concern that it would take too long for horses from the isthmus to reach a fire on the west side. In 1904 Fire Captain Bernard recommended that the new station instead be built in what was then the west side, near Camp Randall, where it still stands.</p><br>
<p>Architect Lew F. Porter, who was also involved in design of the UWs Red Gym and later the Camp Randall Arch just down the street, designed the two story fire station to blend somewhat into what was then a residential neighborhood. Porters first design was too expensive, so he made some cuts and got it under $5000. The result can be classed as Romanesque Revival style, with round arches on some openings, a hip roof, and the projecting rows of brick on the first story giving the impression of rootedness to the ground. The north tower originally held a platform with a semicircular parapet. The south tower was a hose-drying tower, topped with a cupola with a witch&#39;s cap roof. The side facing Dayton Street has two large doorways that the horses and engines could pass through.</p><br>
<p>Inside on the first floor was an apparatus room in front. In back was the horse stable. Upstairs was a hay mow over the stable, and sleeping quarters for the firemen. Three brass poles gave the firemen a quick way down. After the era of horses, the hay mow was converted to a bedroom and day room for the station commander.</p><br>
<p>When first built, the station was equipped with two horses and a combined chemical and hose wagon. The switch from horses to motorized equipment began in Madison in 1910 and completed in 1919 at this station. Station #4 was the last to finish the transition from horses, but continued to fight fires with motorized equipment until 1983.</p><br>
<p>After decommissioning as a fire station, the building was converted into apartments. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984 and on the State Register of Historic Places in 1989 - the oldest intact fire station in Madison and the only one from the horse era.</p><br>
<p>The R.N. Mann House, also known as the Painted Glass House, is a historic house in Franklin County, Tennessee, USA. It was built in 1855 for R.N. Mann, an investor in the Falls Mill Manufacturing Company, which operated cotton mills. It remained in the Mann family until 1917, when it was purchased by A. J. Cole.</p><br>
<p>It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since September 22, 1977.</p><br>
<p>The Haynes House is a historic house in Decherd, Tennessee, USA.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The house was built in 1912 for Jonathan L. Haynes Jr, a merchant. It was built on the site of a former house-turned-school, Terrill College later known as Franklin County High School. Haynes was a co-founder and director of the Citizens Bank and Trust Company, and a vice president of the First National Bank of Franklin County. His son, Walter M. Haynes, also known as Pete Haynes, served as a member of the Tennessee House of Representatives and the Tennessee Senate. The house remained in the Haynes family until 2001.</p><br>
<h2>Architectural significance</h2><br>
<p>The house was designed in the American Foursquare architectural style. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since April 28, 2005.</p><br>
<p>The Hunt-Moore House is a historic house in Huntland, Tennessee, USA.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The house was built in 1852 by slaves for Clinton Armstrong Hunt and his wife, Tapheneas Cooke Lipscomb. Hunt&#39;s grandfather, John Hunt, was the namesake of Huntsville, Alabama, and his nephew, David Lipscomb, was the Nashville Bible School, later known as Lipscomb University.</p><br>
<p>The house was inherited by Hunt&#39;s daughter Anne and her husband, Horatio Richardson Moore. During the American Civil War of 1861–1865, Moore served in the Confederate States Army. He served in the Tennessee General Assembly from 1873 to 1875. One of their children, Hugh Benton Moore, and his wife Helen Edmunds Moore, developed Texas City, Texas, where he built the Col. Hugh B. and Helen Moore House, listed on the NRHP. The Hunt-Moore House was inherited by their other children.</p><br>
<p>The house has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since November 9, 2005.</p><br>
<p>The Jortin Forbes House is a single-family home located at 211 North Ann Arbor Street in Saline, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>This house was built by Orange Risdon prior to 1856, and possibly as early as the 1840s. Although this house has been historically known as the Jortin Forbes House, there is no evidence that he ever lived there, and in fact likely lived next door in the house at 209 North Ann Arbor. Jortin Forbes was active in village life, serving as street commissioner in 1866-67, inspector for the first Village election in 1866, Marshal in 1866-67, and Justice of the Peace in 1878. His wife Matilda Forbes owned a milliner shop. Blacksmith Henry Johnson lived here in the 1860s, and later owners were Orrin Parsons, Sarah Schleh and Sarah Ennis.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Jortin Forbes House is a vernacular two-story brick Stick/eastlake style Upright and Wing house. The structure sits on a small lot. It has a two-story upright section and a one-story wing to one side, both gabled. It has a wide frieze topped with a raking cornice without returns. The windows are in segmental-arched head openings. The front features a hipped roof front porch, with spindled balusters and decorative brackets, which is probably a later addition. A single-story addition on the rear of the house was probably built about 1881.</p><br>
<p>The Charles Guthard House is a single-family home located at 211 E. Michigan Avenue in Saline, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>This house was constructed by Elwood Rogers, a prolific local builder around the turn of the century. The first owner was Charles Guthard, who was a farmer and later a</p><br>
<p>successful self-made businessman. Guthard was born in Saline Township, and worked as a farm hand until he saved enough money to open his own hardware business in 1903, in partnership with Adam Hornung. This partnership was dissolved in 1904, but Guthard then successfully partnered in Henry Schroen to open an extensive business in general hardware, farm implements, buggies, paints, glass and other sundries. Guthard later left Saline and moved West.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Charles Guthard House is a frame house designed with a combination of Colonial Revival and Queen Anne elements. It was a square corner tower, and a single story front porch that runs the full width of the front. The front facade combines round, arched, rectangular, and Palladian windows. Shingle accent the gable ends and the tower, as well as the hipped roof corner tower itself.</p><br>
<p>The George R. Lutz House is a single family home located at 103 West Henry Street in Saline, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>This house was constructed in about 1900 for George Nissly. In 1903, George R. Lutz and his wife Gertrude purchased the house from Nissly&#39;s estate for $2000. Lutz, a Village clerk and bank employee, died in 1904 at the age of 30. Gertrude Lutz remained living in the house until her own death in the 1940s.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The George R. Lutz House is a 2-1/2 story Queen Anne structure covered with clapboard. It has a hipped roof with front and side gable projections. The facade features a fine example of a wraparound Eastlake with a lattice work base, spool-and-spindle frieze and balusters, and decorative brackets. The house has a variety of window shapes, including small rectangular windows in the gable ends.</p><br>
<p>The AT&SF Freight Office is a historic building in Downtown Albuquerque, New Mexico. It was built by the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway in 1946 and is a notable example of Mission Revival architecture. The building was listed on the New Mexico State Register of Cultural Properties in 2012 and the National Register of Historic Places in 2013.</p><br>
<p>The Freight Office was built as part of the modernization of the AT&SF freight handling facilities, which also included a much larger wood-framed freight warehouse which extended 450 ft south to the Coal Avenue viaduct. The warehouse and its associated loading platform were demolished in the 1980s when the railroad moved its regional freight operations to Belen. The Freight Office survived and is currently part of the Alvarado Transportation Center property, though vacant.</p><br>
<p>The building is two stories high with a basement and was designed in a stripped-down Mission style to harmonize with adjacent railroad buildings including the depot and the Alvarado Hotel, both no longer standing. It is built from structural clay tile with a concrete frame, and the exterior is finished with pebble-dash stucco. The front elevation of the building includes a flat-roofed entry porch, wood-framed sash windows with heavy concrete lintels, and original neon signs.</p><br>
<p>The Miller-Walker House was a single-family home located at 117 McKay Street in Saline, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985. The house is missing and is presumed to have been demolished some time after 1985.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The house was constructed between 1872 and 1888. Who it was built for is unknown, but Charles and Anna Miller occupied the house shortly after their marriage in 1889. Miller was the grandson of pioneer Leonard Miller and operated a livery stable near the Saline Exchange Hotel. Later, the house was purchased by Fred Walker, a retired farmer.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The house was built in a two-story frame Eastern Stick style and had a combination of a hipped and gabled roof. Similarly, the single-story front porch was also built in the Stick style containing decorative stick work in the railing and spindles along the frieze.</p><br>
<p>Roesler House, in Austin County, Texas about 2 mi west of Nelsonville, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<p>It is a board-and-batten farmhouse built in 1892. It has also been known as the Old Roesler Place.</p><br>
<p>It is a one-and-a-half-story building which is a "good example of a late nineteenth century vernacular German farmhouse in the area."</p><br>
<p>It was a home of Frederick August Roesler. As The Old Roesler Place, it is a Recorded Texas Historical Landmark.</p><br>
<p>The V.R. Harris House, also known as the Mitchum House, is a historic house in Erin, Tennessee, USA. It was built in 1891 for Volney Rowe Harris, a businessman who served as the mayor of Erin in 1881. Harris lived here with his wife, née Lizzie Garner, and their twelve children. It remained in the Harris family until 1924. It was purchased by the Mitchum family in 1944, and it became known as the Mitchum House as a result.</p><br>
<p>The house was designed in the Queen Anne architectural style. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since August 18, 1983.</p><br>
<p>The Thomas Telford House is a historic house near Limestone, Tennessee, USA.</p><br>
<p>The house was built in 1815 for Thomas Telford, a settler who died in 1816. It was inherited by his son George Whitfield Telford, who lived here with his wife Amanda Duff Hannah and their 12 daughters. Telford was the owner of the Telford Manufacturing Company. He was also a co-founder and director of the East Tennessee and Virginia Railroad, and he served in the Tennessee General Assembly from 1853 to 1857. He became known as "Colonel" G. W. Telford. The house was sold out of the Telford family shortly after his death.</p><br>
<p>The house was designed in the Federal architectural style. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since February 10, 1982.</p><br>
<p>Shelbridge is a historic three-story mansion in Johnson City, Tennessee, USA. It serves as the official residence of the president of East Tennessee State University.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The house was built in 1920-1921 for Ross Spears, a businessman. In 1928, it was acquired by Henry P. Bridges, a businessman. Bridges renamed it Shelbridge after his wife, Shelby.</p><br>
<p>In the 1970s, the house was donated to East Tennessee State University, and it became the president&#39;s house.</p><br>
<h2>Architectural significance</h2><br>
<p>The house was designed by architect D. R. Beeson in the Colonial Revival style. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since December 14, 1995.</p><br>
<p>The North Ann Arbor Street Historic District is a residential historic district, consisting of the houses at 301, 303, and 305-327 North Ann Arbor Street in Saline, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The North Ann Arbor Street Historic District consists of 22 homes and 11 barns and carriage houses, located along a single block of Ann Arbor Street. The houses were constructed from the 1870s through the first part of the 20th century, and are primarily fine vernacular versions of Gothic Revival, Colonial Revival and Queen Anne architecture. The district also contains two Italianate homes and one Bungalow which have had substantial facade alterations, rendering them less historically significant, and two single-story ranch homes. Most of the homes are two-story structures faced with wood.</p><br>
<h3>Significant houses</h3><br>
<p>Charles Cool House (303 N. Ann Arbor) This transitional Queen Anne-Colonial Revival home was constructed in 1910 by local builder Elwood Rogers for grain elevator owner Charles Cool. It is a -story frame house with a front portico and Palladian windows. There are shingle accents in the gable ends, spool-and-spindle porch balusters, and projecting bay windows.</p><br>
<p>Peter W. Weienett House (308 N. Ann Arbor) This -story frame house was constructed in 1892 for Peter Weienett, a local farmer and businessman and the son of Swiss pioneer and farmer Benedict Weienett. The house is distinguished by sunbursts and shingle accents in the gable ends, a projecting bay window, and two fine Eastlake porches.</p><br>
<p>318 N. Ann Arbor This -story, L-shaped Vernacular building was constructed. It has clapboard facing, a steeply pitched gabled roof and dormer, and rectangular windows with peaked lintels. A front porch was added in the 1920s.</p><br>
<p>Egbert P. Harper House (319 N. Ann Arbor) This -story frame house was constructed in 1891 by Charles Sauer for State Senator and sheep farmer Egbert P. Harper. The house is Saline&#39;s most outstanding example of Queen Anne architecture, with a square corner tower and a covered widows walk with spool and spindle balusters. It has a central eyebrow dormer and decorative shingle and sunburst patterns added along the roof line. The wraparound porch was added in about 1912.</p><br>
<p>Edwin W. Ford House (322 N. Ann Arbor) This Queen Anne house was constructed in about 1879 for lumber dealer Edwin W. Ford. It is a two-story T-shaped home covered in clapboard, with a side Eastlake porch and a front porch added some time after 1929.</p><br>
<p>The Henry Hoss House is a historic house in Jonesborough, Tennessee, USA, though not within the Jonesborough Historic District. It was built in 1859-1860 for Dr Joseph S. Rhea and his wife Lady Kirkpatrick. The home served as a residence as well as a clinic; the front rooms on either side of the foyer were the doctor&#39;s waiting room and examining room, and the upstairs bedrooms were probably for their children. It was sold to Henry Hoss in the midst of the American Civil War of 1861-1865. Hoss lived here with his wife, née Anna Maria Sevier , and their children. It remained in the Hoss family until 1980.</p><br>
<p>The house was designed in the Federal architectural style. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since December 16, 1982. Jonesborough is an area of Tennessee with more houses (about five) of the Federal style that have stepped gables than any other area of the state. The crow-stepped gabling of the east and west sides makes the Hoss House the only example of a rural Federal style house in Washington County, Tennessee, with stepped gables.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<h3>Exterior</h3><br>
<p>The Henry Hoss House, constructed ca. 1859-1860, is a late Federal style rectangular-shaped two-story brick house with a step-gabled roof, five bay facade, one-story step-gabled brick ell, and one-story gabled roof brick addition that was built onto the rear ell in 1865. The 1914 barn and springhouse are now gone. The house remains in good condition with little alteration and retains a high degree of architectural integrity, both on the exterior and interior.</p><br>
<p>The symmetrical common bond brick facade of the Henry Hoss House faces northwest and is five bays wide. A central single door with multi light transom, side lights, and bull&#39;s eye motif wood work surrounding the door is flanked at each side by two 2/2 light rectangular windows with flat brick arches. The window and door arrangement of the first story is repeated on the second story, except the windows are shorter and the doorway has plain surrounds. Brick corbeling serves as a frieze across the facade under the roof. The central bay one-story porch, not original, has heavy Doric paneled posts and pilasters, a denticulated frieze and cornice, and a balustraded parapet.</p><br>
<p>Brick chimneys are flush with the five-step gabled ends of the front rectangular section of</p><br>
<p>the house. The northeast gable end elevation of this two-story section of the house has no</p><br>
<p>structural openings; the opposite, or southwest, gable end elevation has two 2/2 light</p><br>
<p>rectangular windows on the first story and two shorter like windows placed directly above</p><br>
<p>on &#39;the second story.</p><br>
<p>"Pencilling traces" on the brick mortar consisting of names and dates are very apparent on the south back porch, east side porch, and north front porch. The earliest date from 1870, and include descendants of Henry Hoss and Anna Marie Sevier.</p><br>
<h3>Interior</h3><br>
<p>The interior of the Henry Hoss House has been altered as little as the exterior. The</p><br>
<p>alterations are limited basically to adding bathrooms (3 1/2),</p><br>
<p>and the remodeling of the kitchen in the early twentieth century. Original pine flooring,</p><br>
<p>the central hall staircase, molding around windows and doors, and five mantels over five fireplaces remain</p><br>
<p>intact. The mantels are each different in design, although they are all wood and exhibit</p><br>
<p>influence of Federal and Greek Revival decoration.</p><br>
<p>The Louis Sturm House is a single family home located at 100 Russell in Saline, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1873, William Easlick purchased this lot and presumably constructed this house at the time. In 1874, Louis Sturm bought the property for $1210. Sturm had emigrated from Germany around 1860 and joined his older brother, Jacob, who had arrived in Saline in 1858. The two brothers opened a harness business located on the Chicago Road. The business was successful, and they expanded it to include a hardware and carriage manufacturing business. The Sturms constructed carriages for local as well as national customers. Jacob Sturm died in 1900. and Louis continued the business, passing it on to his son, William, after he died in 1903.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Louis Sturm House is an L-shaped two-story frame house with Gothic Revival detailing, including a steeply pitched roof and dormer, peaked window trim and pointed-arch eave- line trim. It has a one-story rear garage addition and front and side porches with brackets and trim at the eaves.</p><br>
<p>The Carrollton Historic District in Carrollton, Kentucky is a 92 acre historic district which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982. The listing included 334 contributing buildings. The district is roughly bounded by Main, Polk, 2nd, 7th, and both sides of Highland Ave. to 11th St.</p><br>
<p>It includes the Carroll County Courthouse, designed by the McDonald Brothers of Louisville.</p><br>
<p>The T. H. Mathis House, at 612 Church St. in Rockport, Texas, is a historic Greek Revival-style house built in 1867. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1971.</p><br>
<p>It is a Recorded Texas Historic Landmark. The residence was long owned by the same family.</p><br>
<p>It is a one-story five-bay framed cottage on a raised basement, and is a "very refined" late example of Greek Revival style. Its piano nobile (raised main floor) is approached "by a flaired staircase which intensifies the dramatic effect of the raised entrance. The entrance portico is supported by two pairs of square fluted wooden columns on a plinth base with finely molded capitals. The pilasters at the juncture of the portico and the main block of the house repeat the design of the columns, as do the corner pilasters on the east or main facade." Its entry doorway has sidelights and a transom.</p><br>
<p>The house was documented by the Historic American Buildings Survey.</p><br>
<p>The Dr. Charles and Judith Heidelberger House is a Contemporary-style house designed by Herbert Fritz Jr. and built in 1951 in Madison, Wisconsin, United States. In 2017 the house was added to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Charles Heidelberger was a member of the faculty of what would become the University of Wisconsin–Madison. He was also a member of the National Academy of Sciences, and a world-renowned cancer researcher who developed the medication Fluorouracil.</p><br>
<p>In 1951 the Heidelbergers hired Herb Fritz Jr. to design a modern house for them. Fritz was an admirer of Frank Lloyd Wright, having been a member of the Taliesin Fellowship. He designed a modest-sized but spectacular contemporary-style house set into the hillside, with concrete block walls facing the street and expansive windows looking out the back. In 1956 the Heidelbergers added a two-story master bedroom, also designed by Herb Fritz.</p><br>
<p>In 2017 the house was added to the State and the National Register of Historic Places - "one of Herb Fritz&#39;s early masterworks."</p><br>
<h2>Photos</h2><br>
<p>King Hall  was built in 1893 and 1896 on the campus of the University of Wisconsin–Madison. In 1985 it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places and on the State Register of Historic Places in 1989.</p><br>
<p>The field of agriculture was rather slow to develop at the UW. At the UW&#39;s founding in 1848 it had no formal agriculture program. In 1866 the state legislature authorized the university to venture into teaching agricultural and mechanical arts. The UW bought a 195-acre tract just west of the original campus where "agriculture is to be practically taught by experimenting on different soils and location of the land..." In 1868 a School of Agriculture was established within the College of Arts, but there were few students for years. Finally in 1880 William A. Henry was appointed chair of the school. With initial successes and more enrollment, the College of Agriculture was formed in 1889.</p><br>
<p>In 1891-1893 the legislature allocated funds for a horticulture building, based on increasing enrollment and practical results like the Babcock butterfat test which the UW&#39;s ag department had already produced. J.T.W. Jennings designed the building and the first section was built in 1893. That first section consisted of the central tower and the east wing, built to house the horticulture department. The west wing was added in 1896 to house the agricultural physics department, when more funds were allocated. The completed building was Richardsonian Romanesque in style - fairly restrained with the characteristic round arches. The stonework is multi-colored - "of white select brick with trimmings of pressed brick and Wauwatosa limestone..." The half-timbering in the gable ends draws from Queen Anne style. Richardsonian Romanesque typically includes a front profile that is dramatically asymmetric; that was achieved in the early years by a large windmill atop the west tower.</p><br>
<p>The windmill tower was the base for some of Dr. Franklin Hiram Kings experiments. King was a son of Whitewater who studied at Cornell University, then taught science at River Falls State Normal School. From there he was hired in 1888 by the UW as its first professor of Agricultural Physics, and the first such professor in the USA In that role he applied physics to Wisconsins agricultural problems. King "developed the round silo, formulated improved methods for the construction and ventilation of farm buildings, and popularized the round barn. He investigated the use of wind as a source of energy... yielding some of the earliest research on wind power. King formulated methods of wind erosion prevention, and constructed the first weighing lysimeters for water use studies. In addition, he studied irrigation and drainage, and developed a practical method for determining moisture content in soils, establishing the general principles of soil physics." In 1901 King left the UW to become Chief of the Division of Soil Management at the USA Department of Agriculture. The Horticulture and Agricultural Physics Building was renamed King Hall in honor of Dr. King in 1910.</p><br>
<p>In 1910 Horticulture moved to its own building, but Agricultural Physics soon outgrew even the whole of King Hall. In 1915 the Soils Annex wing was added on, designed by Arthur Peabody advised by Laird and Cret, three stories with walls of cream brick and half-timbering.</p><br>
<p>In 1985 King Hall was added to the NRHP for statewide contributions made to science and agriculture and for its association with Franklin Hiram King.</p><br>
<p>Downtown New Iberia Commercial Historic District is a historic district in downtown New Iberia, Louisiana, United States, located along Main Street and St. Peter Street, from Jefferson Street to Weeks Street.</p><br>
<p>The 68.87 acre area comprises a total of 121 buildings, of which 73 are considered contributing properties, and 9 are also listed on the National Register of Historic Places as individual properties or as part of East Main Street Historic District. Building dates vary from 1870 to 1967 and represent relevant structures related to commerce and entertainment/recreation.</p><br>
<p>Despite being located inside the district area, the individually listed The Magnolias is not part of Downtown New Iberia Commercial Historic District, as the building is not commerce related. The house is therefore considered a non-contributing property.</p><br>
<p>The historic district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on December 13, 2017.</p><br>
<h2>Contributing properties</h2><br>
<p>The historical district contains a total of 73 contributing properties, built between 1870 and 1967:</p><br>
<p>NEW IBERIA (steamboat) shipwreck. Also individually listed.</p><br>
<h3>Main Street</h3><br>
<h3>Weeks Street and Julia Street</h3><br>
<h3>St. Peter Street and Jefferson Street</h3><br>
<h3>Iberia Street, Burke Street and Bridge Street</h3><br>
<h3>Church Alley</h3><br>
<p>The Adolph H. Kayser House is a Prairie Style house built in 1902 a half mile north of the capitol above Lake Mendota in Madison, Wisconsin. In 1980 it was added to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Adolph H. Kayser was a German immigrant who ran a lumber company in Madison and would become mayor of Madison after this house was built. He was married to Hedwig.</p><br>
<p>Louis W. Claude and Edward F. Starck started an architecture firm in Madison in 1896. Up into the 1890s almost all designs by American architects were in styles derived from European models (e.g. Greek Revival, Italianate, and Queen Anne) but in the 1890s some American architects started looking for an American style independent of European precedents. The new ideas were called "progressive" and later "Prairie School." Claude had worked for Louis Sullivan in Chicago in the early 1890s, alongside Frank Lloyd Wright and George Elmslie at a time when George Maher was also working in Chicago. All were leaders of the Prairie School. Claude and Starck started out designing in traditional styles like Queen Anne, but gradually shifted to include Prairie style influences in their designs - particularly in the many public libraries they later designed. The Kayser house represents an early point in that transition.</p><br>
<p>The Kayser house is 2.5 stories, with a footprint roughly rectangular and a hip roof flared above the eaves. Exterior walls are clad in orange-tan brick on a foundation of rock-faced limestone, with brick quoins at the corners. The front porch was originally square, but has been replaced with a polygonal porch supported by square columns. Beneath the porch, the front door is flanked by four Ionic columns, and beyond that, two shallow bays with the outer windows decorated with a flat stone lintel. Above the porch, a centered three-part window is separated by unusual columns, which point to the large arch-fronted dormers that rise from the roof. Other sides of the house have similar bays and dormers. Inside the front door, a central hall leads to shared rooms on the first floor. A dark oak arch leads to a stair to the second floor, with five bedrooms and a bathroom.</p><br>
<p>Many of these elements are from Classical Revival style: the quoins and columns and the symmetry of the façade. But other elements are Prairie style. The broad eaves and the belt course between the stories emphasize the horizontal. The arched dormers look very much like something from a George Maher design, as do the odd columns above the porch.</p><br>
<p>The Kaysers lived in the house for 21 years. Then in 1922 they built a new house in the then-popular Colonial Revival style a short distance away at 425 N. Livingston St.</p><br>
<p>Their 1902 was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980 and on the State Register of Historic Places in 1989, noting that "it represents a fine example of a large residence designed by an important regional architectural firm, Claude and Starck of Madison, Wisconsin, in the progressive manner emerging in the Midwest as opposed to the traditional revival types of architecture."</p><br>
<p>The Smith Ranch, in Johnson County, Texas near Rio Vista, Texas, and also known as Grand Valley Lands, was established in 1887. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.</p><br>
<p>The listed property is 2,336.2 acre in area and includes six contributing buildings, two contributing structures, and three contributing sites.</p><br>
<p>It includes a Recorded Texas Historic Landmark.</p><br>
<p>The main house is a two-story house built in 1887, using square nails.</p><br>
<p>German prisoners-of-war, from the Afrika Corps, worked on the farm.</p><br>
<p>It is located on FM 916, 1 mi west of TX 174.</p><br>
<p>The August Cornelius Larson House is a Prairie Style house built in 1911 two miles southwest of the capitol in Madison, Wisconsin. In 1994 the house was added to the National Register of Historic Places as one of Madison&#39;s finest Prairie Style houses.</p><br>
<p>August Larson was born in 1875 on a farm in Wiota, fifty miles southwest of Madison. After finishing a B.A. in classics at Coe College in Cedar Rapids in 1903, he became Wisconsin manager for Central Life Assurance. Success there led him to be the secretary of the National Association of Life Underwriters. In 1911 August and his wife Ella had this house built.</p><br>
<p>The house has two stories, with the first clad in brick and the second in stucco. It is a textbook example of Prairie Style, with the broad eaves, balcony, and string courses emphasizing the horizontal, with the grouped windows, with geometric designs in leaded glass in many of the windows. Two window groups on the second floor are arranged as unusual triangular bays. The balusters of the balcony rail are boards with a diamond cut-out. The main front door is golden oak with a leaded glass window, flanked by sidelights. Inside is a central foyer with quarter-sawn oak trim and a staircase to the second floor with newel posts and the diamond shape repeated. The first floor contains the living room with a tiled, oak-mantled fireplace, the dining room with its own fireplace, built-in china cabinets, and a plate rail on the wall. The first floor also contains a study, sun room, kitchen, bathroom, and guest bedroom. Upstairs are three bedrooms and an apartment.</p><br>
<p>The house is generally credited to Louis Claude and Edward Starck because of many similarities to other houses they designed at the time, but no proof remains. (The dark red brick appears to be identical to that of their Collins house on Gorham.)</p><br>
<p>August served as a director of Commercial Trust Company and later President of Randall Bank. He served on the state board of the YMCA. The Larsons lived in the house until 1940.</p><br>
<p>Joseph Endres bought the house after the Larsons and rented it out. At some point it was remodeled into apartments, splitting the central foyer so that half of it held a kitchen. By 1991 the inside had been remodeled into four apartments. Then new owners converted the house back to a residence with one apartment.</p><br>
<p>The William Ellery Leonard House is a Craftsman-style house built in 1915 in Madison, Wisconsin for William and his second wife Charlotte. William was a poet and UW professor who suffered agoraphobia at times, and spent his most productive years in this house. In 1993 the house was added to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Background</h2><br>
<p>William Ellery Leonard was born in New Jersey in 1876, the only child of a newspaper editor and a kindergarten teacher. He later wrote that at age two an encounter with a locomotive produced his fear of trains, and at age nine an incident with schoolyard bullies led to his reclusiveness, which grew into an intermittent fear of ranging far from his house. William&#39;s family had been well to do, but that fell apart during his childhood. They were not able to send him to college, but he received a scholarship to Boston University, then to Harvard where he studied under George Lyman Kittredge and William James. He studied at University of Göttingen in Germany, then earned a PhD at Columbia, writing his thesis on the influence of Byron on American literature. Despite the scholarships and successes, he suffered for his poverty all through school. Afterwards he worked in Philadelphia on material for an encyclopedia which was never published.</p><br>
<p>In 1906 he was hired as an instructor in the English department at the UW. He later wrote his impressions of that earlier Madison: In September, 1906, I needed these quiet inland lakes and bluffs, these wooded shores, these long coulees and sunny oak-openings, and these west winds of Wisconsin as badly as any one who ever came.... But had I not needed them as a weary man, sick of nerves and spirit, my eye would still have drunk in the beauty of town and country-side with eager delight.... Almost from the first hours, Madison was to me the Peculiar City, a Capitol Dome on one hill, a University Dome on the other, and each Dome, as in no other city, mirrored in water.... Here was my ideal for the dwelling-place of modern man: an organic civilization in close touch with organic nature. A city far over whose roofs, twice a year, the wild geese fly. Why is not this the most famous city in our country, I thought. I will make it that, I thought. Longfellow&#39;s poem is but a conventional fancy, made to order in the studio. But let one live here, deeply and long, and he will write the poem that will give this city to America and the world. So I thought. And in the end so I tried to do.</p><br>
<p>He fell in love with his landlords daughter too. In 1909 he and Charlotte Freeman married. By then a few of Williams works were already published: his Sonnets and Poems in 1906, a translation The Fragments of Empedocles in 1908, and The Poet of Galilee in 1909. The marriage ended when Freeman killed herself in 1911. Her family and some of Madison society blamed Leonard, and he had a nervous breakdown, retreating to a cottage at the edge of campus where his parents came to look after him.</p><br>
<p>In 1912 he had recovered enough that he began to teach again, and to work on writing projects to "ward off seizures of grief, of indignation, or of terror." He also "became physically unable to move more than a few hundred yards from home." He moved from his apartment on Park Street to a "roomier, sunnier" one at 433 North Murray Street, close enough to Bascom Hill to teach there.</p><br>
<p>By 1914 he had fallen in love again, with Charlotte Charlton. This change allowed him to range farther from home and his parents were able to leave. He and Charlotte married and began planning the house at 2015 Adams, which seems to have been on a lot that Charlotte already owned. This area a mile southwest of campus near Lake Wingra was then at the edge of Madison, in a new subdivision.</p><br>
<h2>House description</h2><br>
<p>The house that William and Charlotte built is two stories with a t-shaped footprint on a concrete foundation, in the Craftsman style that was popular around 1915. It was designed by Eugene Marks with input from Leonard. Hallmarks of Craftsman style in this house are the exposed rafter tails, the wide eaves, and the rather simple design which highlights the beauty of the materials rather than machine-made ornament. Outside, the first story is clad in cypress weatherboard and the second story in cedar shingles with the lowest course of shingles flared - both stained dark brown. Bargeboards on the gable ends consist of three lapped boards, which turn horizontal at the rain gutters. Shallow rectangular bay windows flank the front entry, supported by beam ends. A gable-roofed porch shelters the front door, supported by square wood columns on brick piers.</p><br>
<p>Inside, the front door opens to a small "air lock," which leads to a front hall. The first floor is trimmed in oak, with a living room fireplace of wire-cut brick, a dining room with a plate rail, and a kitchen. French doors from the dining room open into an unheated sun porch. From the kitchen and entry hall, an oak staircase leads up to the second floor, with three bedrooms and Williams study, with another fireplace. Doors from Williams study and Charlotte&#39;s bedroom lead to a sleeping porch above the sun porch.</p><br>
<h2>Life in the house, and after</h2><br>
<p>William later wrote of building the house in his autobiography The Locomotive God:</p><br>
<p>We had built a simple cottage overlooking Lake Wingra and its woods... We feared it was rather far out from town and my work; but the scene out there was so lovely, so quiet, and our best friends had their flowery homes out there. And we felt too that it might be an incentive... that I might reeducate myself once for all by accustoming myself to a home... out there. While it was a-building, we could ride over on our bicycles... every day... or twice a day... in July, stakes along the green earth cleared of brush... a brown square home... the shape of a house already... we could see where the kitchen and the study were to be... talks with the kindly contractor on the precise brick for chimney and for fireplace... by October, twilights on the sun-parlor seat, as yet without paint, amid the sawdust and shavings with the same pine-smell I had loved in boyhood&#39;s carpenter-shop. We were really living there long before we moved in. Early the next spring I graded the lawn with my own arms and back; and planted... a year after... new trees and shrubs. A poplar... a tamarack... a pine... a cedar... a mountain ash... elms on the tree-lawn... the glad gifts from the private nursery of next-door neighbor, a suburban Thoreau. Wild honeysuckle bushes from my foragings in near-by thickets... flower-garden of larkspur and hollyhock and all the names of blue and gold and scarlet....</p><br>
<p>Meantime my wife created all the indoors... The curtains in the dining-room were pale yellow... in her bedroom, blue... in my study brown to match the built-in bookcases... we sat behind the woodbine vines of the sun-parlor in hot moonlights... and we had when the time came a woodfire in the living-room grate, or the study&#39;s. Neither of us ever cared for property: but a home, owned and paid for, and a curtained window from which two can watch... spring after spring... especially for two who have been sore beset...</p><br>
<p>Things were better for some years in the house with his new wife. William finished Two Lives, a poem in which he wrestles with his first marriage. He taught and was promoted to associate professor. One of his students described his teaching in a survey of modern poetry: At the University of Wisconsin, Leonards presence, his tall gray-clad figure with its shock of white hair, and his loosely knotted Windsor bow tie, whose Bohemian, almost Byronic, negligence was an attractive contrast to the formal, if decidedly unpedantic, manner of his speech and appearance, created an atmosphere to all undergraduates who were interested in poetry. It is doubtful if any University lecturer of his day... excelled him in the teaching of comparative literature. Those students who survived the severe discipline of his seemingly innocent course in Anglo-Saxon, which included comparative studies of Greek, Hebrew, Sanskrit, Latin and Icelandic literatures as well... emerged with a renewed respect for the power of language and its relationship to poetry.... The course was ill-attended, for it demanded an almost selfless devotion to poetry and a Puritan toughness of fiber to withstand Leonards oral examinations... To the Middle West, Leonard brought his associations of a New England heritage, which included a Protestant-Abolitionist spirit that had turned against itself in violent self-criticism of its despised Puritanism and prudery...</p><br>
<p>At the house on Adams Street he wrote his Poems 1914-1916, The Lynching Bee, a verse translation of Beowulf, his autobiographical The Locomotive God, and other works. He was better, but still not able to travel far. This is the start of a poem that describes the couple&#39;s attachment to the house in that period:</p><br>
<p>The Wife</p><br>
<p>Ten years you&#39;ve sat (within the room you wrought)</p><br>
<p>To guard me from the Fear</p><br>
<p>Except for hurried trip (when I was out)</p><br>
<p>Down town... and near, quite near.</p><br>
<p>Ten years you&#39;ve sat, except for stolen walk</p><br>
<p>(With scribbled note on shelf),</p><br>
<p>By lake-side lane or neighbor&#39;s hollyhock,</p><br>
<p>Anxiously, by yourself.</p><br>
<p>Ten years together we have hugged our home</p><br>
<p>Because of this fierce Fear,</p><br>
<p>And made our prison-close a world to roam...</p><br>
<p>In 1925 an incident on a summer hike triggered a downward spiral. William became less able to travel and he and Charlotte ended up leaving the house they had built to return to the apartment at 433 North Murray Street, closer to his classes. He wrote:</p><br>
<p>The phobic suffering and the grotesque bustle took our minds off the grief of leaving. We brought with us everything except my boat, my garden-tools, my boxing gloves, and... the cat. Our apartment is now famous for the sun through the Murray Street elmtops... I raise a few marigolds, zinnias, calendulas, poppies and nasturtiums in the back yard..."</p><br>
<p>William managed to continue teaching. When he couldn&#39;t get to the classroom, he held classes in his home or in the library. Eventually William fell in love with one of his students, Grace Golden. Charlotte divorced him in 1934. William married Grace in 1935 and she divorced him two years later. Charlotte remarried, but her new husband died by suicide in her house on Adams Street. William and Charlotte remarried in 1940 and took care of each other at the sunny apartment on Murray Street until he died in 1944.</p><br>
<p>UW philosophy professor Albert Gustav Ramsperger and his wife Peggy moved into the house on Adams Street in 1938, bought it from Charlotte Leonard in 1944, and lived there until 1992, raising their family in it. Peggy had been a grad student of William Leonard. The Ramspergers made only minor updates to the house.</p><br>
<p>Ernest Meyer wrote of that last phase of Leonard&#39;s life, in the apartment on Murray Street: His comings and goings are confined to a beaten track in an area no larger than Battery Park. But his intelligence and creative vitality embrace the globe, penetrate thirty centuries, are at home in a dozen literatures and languages, and crack the walls of his prison to live in freedom with the free.</p><br>
<p>The Lincoln School is located in Shawano, Wisconsin.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The school houses classes for grades from kindergarten through 8th grade. It was built to replace a previous school that had been destroyed after a fire. The school&#39;s design was advanced for the time, featuring showers, a fireplace, manual training and domestic sciences rooms, and a dental office.</p><br>
<p>The Lavaca County Courthouse, in Hallettsville, Texas, is a courthouse which was built in 1897. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1971.</p><br>
<p>It is the fifth structure serving as county seat for Lavaca County, originally "La Baca" County.</p><br>
<p>It was designed by architect Eugene T. Heiner.</p><br>
<p>It is a Richardsonian Romanesque-style courthouse, "strongly influenced" by H.H. Richardson&#39;s</p><br>
<p>design of the Allegheny County Courthouse in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. It is a raised three-story limestone building, cruciform in plan, with a hipped roof and pyramidal roofs and dormers.</p><br>
<p>It is a Texas State Antiquities Landmark.</p><br>
<p>The Timothy C. and Katherine McCarthy House is a grand 2.5-story Queen Anne-styled house a mile east of the capitol square in Madison, Wisconsin, United States, built in 1897 for prominent contractor McCarthy, whose firm would build much of the current Wisconsin State Capitol. In 2002 McCarthy&#39;s house was added to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Timothy C. McCarthy was born in 1853 - probably in Buffalo, New York - and came to Madison with his family the following year. He started as a stonemason and expanded his building skills until in 1883 he supervised construction of the Dane County Courthouse, a major project designed by Allan Conover and Lew Porter. Other projects he supervised are the UWs 1885-87 Science Hall, the 1888 St. Patricks Church, the 1885-1886 UW Chemistry building, the 1891-93 UW Law building, the 1892-94 UW Armory/Gymnasium, and the 1897 Agricultural Dean&#39;s house. In that same year, McCarthy began building a new home for himself on Jenifer Street, from a design by Lew Porter.</p><br>
<p>Porter had been a student at the UW studying civil engineering. He left his studies in his junior year to partner with his professor Allan Conover around 1885. They designed many of the buildings above that Tim McCarthy built: the Dane County Courthouse, Science Hall, the Chemistry Lab, and the Red Gym. McCarthy must have liked Porter&#39;s work because he hired him to design his own house.</p><br>
<p>The house stands 2.5 stories, Queen Anne in style. McCarthy used it as both home and office, and he probably saw it as a showplace for the capabilities of his construction firm in residential architecture. The external foundation is rusticated rose-colored Superior sandstone, aiming to make the whole composition feel solid, as often done in Richardsonian Romanesque style. Above that rise walls clad in narrow clapboard, interrupted by various bays and ornaments. A full-width porch spans the front of the building, supported by graceful grouped Ionic columns, and with a balustrade above. Those columns place the design in the free classic subtype of Queen Anne style. Though the porch is symmetric, the protruding gable end above it is not, which fulfills the typical asymmetric façade of Queen Anne style. The gable ends are shingled - typical of Queen Anne, and some of the windows are recessed behind curved surfaces - a flourish more common in Shingle style. The roof is complex, with various dormers and cross-gables. Elaborate corbelled chimneys top the design. Flares at the eaves-line and the bottom of the siding help tie together the design. Other decorations are described in the NRHP nomination.</p><br>
<p>Inside, the front door opens into a vestibule which opens into a foyer with the grand staircase. One pocket door leads from there to the living room, with a Rumford fireplace. Another pocket door leads to the music room. The kitchen and dining room are behind the staircase. The dining room has paneled wainscoting and a plate rail. The first floor&#39;s flooring is narrow white oak. The woodwork is also white oak. The grand staircase is quite elaborate, with round arches, spindles and panels. (Photos are linked to from the NRHP registration in the references below.) Halfway up the stairs is a window seat. On the second story, the master bedroom has a fireplace with tulip tiles and window seats on each side. Other bedrooms are finished more simply. The third floor was originally unfinished. The basement is divided into nine rooms by load-bearing brick walls.</p><br>
<p>In 1902 the Wisconsin State Journal judged McCarthy to be "Madisons leading building contractor." After building this house, McCarthys firm went on to build much of the new Wisconsin State Capitol after the old one burned in 1904. They worked again with Lew Porter, who was Supervising Architect on the project, building the west, south, central and north sections of the new capitol. A 1916 letter from Porter to McCarthy shows their polite working friendship:</p><br>
<p>Friend Tim, I greatly hesitate to again call your attention to the removal of your shed. I feel sure that if you know how it hampered things and what an annoyance it was to me, you would have attended to it long before this...</p><br>
<p>McCarthys firm went on to build the 1909 Capitol Heating and Power Plant (also designed by Porter), the 1908-1910 Lathrop Hall, and the 1909 St. Pauls University Chapel. Building the State Capitol was a huge project, continuing until 1918, and it was one of the last projects for McCarthy&#39;s construction firm.</p><br>
<p>As McCarthy&#39;s construction business wound down, he got into banking. He was an original stockholder of the Mercantile and Savings Bank and served as its president from 1913 to 1921, when it merged with First National. At the time of his death in 1928, he was a director of First National Bank and the Central Wisconsin Trust Company.</p><br>
<p>After McCarthy died, his family lived in the house on Jenifer Street until 1930. In the 1960s it was subdivided into rental apartments. In the 1970s it housed a home for delinquent boys. In 1988 it was restored as a single-family home. Additionally, it is located within the Jenifer-Spaight Historic District.</p><br>
<h2>Products of McCarthy&#39;s construction firm</h2><br>
<p>Science Hall, University of Wisconsin Madison.JPG1885-87, UW Science Hall</p><br>
<p>St._Patricks_Roman_Catholic_Church.jpg1888, St Patricks Church, McCarthy&#39;s own parish</p><br>
<p>Hiram Smith Hall and Annex.jpg1891, Hiram Smith Hall</p><br>
<p>UW_College_of_Law_1893.jpg1893, UW Law Building</p><br>
<p>University_of_Wisconsin_Armory_and_Gymnasium.jpg1894, UW Armory and Gymnasium</p><br>
<p>Agricultural_Deans_House_Madison.jpg1896, UW Agricultural Deans House</p><br>
<p>Agriculture_Hall_Madison.jpg1902-03, UW Agriculture Hall</p><br>
<p>Lathrop_Hall.jpg1908, UW Lathrop Hall</p><br>
<p>Wisconsin_State_Capitol_Aerial.jpg1906-17, Wisconsin State Capitol</p><br>
<p>The East Dayton Street Historic District is a historic district located in Madison, Wisconsin, United States, that is listed on the National Register of Historic Places . The district includes three neighboring buildings at 647 East Dayton Street, 649–653 East Dayton Street, and 114 North Blount Street. The buildings are the last remnant of Madison&#39;s first Black neighborhood, which developed around East Dayton Street in the early twentieth century.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The small 0.4 acre district includes three buildings. All three buildings were moved from other parts of Madison to their current sites in the early twentieth century. The Miller House at 647 East Dayton Street, which was relocated in 1908, is a two-story wood frame house that was once home to William and Anna Mae Miller and their family. It is listed independently on the NRHP. The building at 649–653 East Dayton Street is made up of two conjoined buildings moved to the site in 1901 and 1912 respectively; one was used as a commercial property, while the other was a house. The one-and-a-half-story house at 114 North Blount Street was moved to its site in 1923.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>East Dayton Street was the first Black neighborhood to form in Madison in the early twentieth century. The first Black family to move to the area was that of John Turner, who settled in a now-demolished house on Blount Street in 1898; they were one of 19 Black households in Madison in 1900. The Turner family founded the Douglas Beneficial Society, a charity to support the citys Black residents; they opened the building at 649 Dayton Street in 1901 to serve as its meeting hall. William Miller, who was a tenant in the Turner familys boarding house in 1900 or 1901, also became an early leader of the neighborhood. Miller worked as a messenger for Wisconsin governor Robert M. La Follette.</p><br>
<p>Turner and Miller founded the citys African Methodist Episcopal Church in 1902. While the original church building no longer stands, the church was a key institution in the neighborhoods early years. The house at 653 East Dayton Street was originally home to C. H. Thomas, the churchs pastor, and his family. Another community organization, a Prince Hall Masonic lodge, was founded in 1906, though it did not have a dedicated building. Miller married Anna Mae Stewart in 1904, and the couple would come to own three houses in the neighborhood; the house at 647 East Dayton, which was a boarding house before becoming the familys home in 1919, is the only survivor of the three. By 1910, roughly half of the city&#39;s Black households lived in the East Dayton neighborhood. These included the family of Benjamin Butts, a Civil War veteran who had lived in Madison since 1867.</p><br>
<p>In 1917, John and Amanda Hill converted the Douglas Beneficial Society hall to a grocery store. John Hill was also a longtime member and trustee of the AME Church. The house at 114 North Blount was relocated in 1923 for Amanda Hills mother, Ida Carmichael. After 1923, the neighborhood stabilized in size, as new Black Madisonians began to settle in the Greenbush neighborhood on Madisons west side instead. The neighborhood began to decline in the 1960s as residents moved to other parts of the city, and many of its original buildings were demolished.</p><br>
<p>The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on March 22, 1988, and on the State Register of Historic Places the following year.</p><br>
<p>The Miller House is a historic house at 647 E. Dayton Street in Madison, Wisconsin. The house was moved to its current location in 1908 by William and Anna Mae Miller, a Black couple who ran a rooming house in the building and later lived there with their family. It is the oldest surviving Black-owned building in Madison. The house is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Miller House is located at 647 East Dayton Street within the East Dayton Street Historic District. It is a two-story building with Greek Revival and Italianate influences. Part of the original house was removed when it was relocated to Dayton Street, and the back of the house may have once been a separate building. The house&#39;s design includes a front porch with a double entrance, floor-to-ceiling windows, and a wooden staircase and fireplace mantel. Asbestos siding was added to the exterior in the mid-twentieth century. Developer Randall Alexander renovated the house in 1986 by removing the new siding, rebuilding the original porches, and conducting additional maintenance on the dilapidated structure.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The house was originally built in 1853 at a corner spot on Pinckney and Johnson Streets in Madison. It was moved to its current location in 1908 by William Miller, an aide to USA Senator Robert M. La Follette, and his wife Anna Mae. The Millers helped establish a small Black neighborhood on East Dayton Street in the 1900s, one of the first in Madison. William cofounded an African Methodist Episcopal church on Dayton Street in 1902, was the Wisconsin contact for the NAACP, and was a member of the Niagara Movement. Anna Mae established a Black literary club in Madison in 1909 and went on to be a founding member of Madison&#39;s chapter of the NAACP. The Miller family initially used the house at 647 East Dayton as a rooming house for Black migrants to Madison; it was one of three houses owned by the family on East Dayton and the only one which is still standing. The family moved into the house in 1919; while William died the following year, Anna Mae lived in the house until her death in 1963, and their daughter Lucile kept the house in the family until 1978.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on November 8, 1979, and on the State Register of Historic Places in 1989.</p><br>
<p>The Miller House is a brick house built in Greek Revival style about 1845 in Cooksville, Wisconsin. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980 and on the State Register of Historic Places in 1989.</p><br>
<p>The Miller house was probably built by Chambers and Lovejoy, since the floor plan matches that of the Lovejoy-Duncan, Collins and Dow houses. Its walls are of vermilion brick. The cornice is wood. Greek Revival elements include the relatively low-pitched roof, cornice returns, the simple straight lintels above the windows, and the sidelights flanking the door. An elliptical fanlight lights the attic.</p><br>
<p>James Pratt Miller bought the house from Lovejoy in 1865. Unrelated Charles Miller, a farmer from Pennsylvania, bought the house in 1867 and his family lived there until 1947.</p><br>
<p>The Simeon Mills House is an Italianate-style farmhouse-mansion built in 1863 on the east side of Madison, Wisconsin for Mills, an early settler, businessman and prominent civic leader. In 1987 this, his country house, was added to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Simeon Mills was born in 1810 in Connecticut, and grew up in Ohio. In 1835 the young man came to the frontier that would become Wisconsin and was at Belmont in 1836 for the establishment of Wisconsin Territory. In 1837, he built a log cabin and opened a small grocery store in what would become Madison, years before Madison was incorporated as even a village.</p><br>
<p>That grocery store was the first of many business ventures for Mills. He was an early speculator in real estate, and successful. He was the first president of the Bank of Madison and of Madison Mutual Insurance Company. He served on the board of Madison Gas, Light & Coke Co. He was a partner in the Argus, Madison&#39;s first newspaper. He was president of the Madison and Portage Railroad and director of the Beloit and Madison Railroad.</p><br>
<p>Through these years he also served the public in various roles. He was the first mail carrier between Madison and Milwaukee, making that trip twice a week from 1837 to 1842. He was also the first justice of the peace. He served as village trustee, village treasurer, and on Madisons first Board of Education. He was one of Dane Countys first county commissioners, and Dane Countys first State Senator. In that role, he played a key role in founding the University of Wisconsin, and he served as one of the UWs first regents. During the Civil War, Governor Randall put Mills in charge of recruiting volunteers across Wisconsin for the Union Army.</p><br>
<p>Mills had four homes around Madison over the years. By 1863, the family was living in a city home at the corner of Main and Monona Ave. Mills also owned 180 acres two miles away on the northeast end of the isthmus. He decided to build a country estate in the then-rural area. The house stands two stories, clad in brown sandstone. The style is Italianate which was fashionable at the time. Hallmarks of the style are the low-pitched roof with wide eaves, the double brackets supporting the eaves, and the protruding mouldings sheltering the windows. First-story windows are rectangular and the second are round-topped. This particular example has eaves that are heavier than most.</p><br>
<p>Mills called the house Elmside, but local wags dubbed it "Mills Folly," because it was far from his interests downtown. Indeed, the mills family lived there only five years. Later occupants were J.W. Hudson, an industrialist and real estate promoter, and Sam Miller, an opera and theater promoter.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987 and on the State Register of Historic Places in 1989.</p><br>
<p>The Marvin College Boys Dormitory and President&#39;s House, in Clinton, Kentucky, United States, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The listing includes two contributing buildings, at 404 and 416 N. Washington St.</p><br>
<p>The president&#39;s house was built in 1899–1900; the dormitory was built in 1910. The dormitory was later used as Hotel Jewell. The two buildings are the only surviving buildings of Marvin College.</p><br>
<p>The Charles and Mary Ann  Goodnight Ranch House, near Goodnight, Texas, was built in 1888. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.</p><br>
<p>It is located in Armstrong County, Texas at US 287 and 5000 Block County Road 25.</p><br>
<p>The listing included four contributing buildings on 27.3 acre. A predecessor building may have been incorporated as the kitchen within the complex house. Outbuildings include a carriage house, cold storage, and servants quarters buildings, and the remains of a water tower.</p><br>
<p>It was a home of Charles Goodnight (1836-1929).</p><br>
<p>It later housed the Charles Goodnight Historical Center, a museum.</p><br>
<p>The John N. Bensen House is a historic house in St. Cloud, Minnesota, United States. It was built in 1904 for John N. Bensen , a German immigrant who settled in St. Cloud in 1872, found success in the grocery business, and went on to serve as mayor and bank president. The Bensen House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982 for its local significance in the themes of architecture and commerce. It was nominated for being one of St. Cloud&#39;s finest examples of Queen Anne architecture and for its association with Bensen.</p><br>
<p>The house now operates as the Heritage House Bed & Breakfast.</p><br>
<p>The Francis Arnold House is a historic house in LeSauk Township, Minnesota, United States. It was built in 1884 for the owner and operator of a gristmill that stood just west of the house, on the bank of the Sauk River just above its confluence with the Mississippi. The Arnold House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994 for its local significance in the theme of industry. It was nominated for symbolizing the family-owned, water-powered mills once common in rural Stearns County.</p><br>
<p>The Lay-Bozka House, at 205 Fairwinds in Hallettsville, Texas, was built during 1878–82. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1971.</p><br>
<p>It is a two-story house with the second floor highlighted by a red mansard roof. Its NRHP nomination describes: "The Lay-Bozka House in Hallettsville, Texas, with its bright red and white roof, is of a type that is quite rare now, in part because so many of the original patterned shingle mansard roofs have been replaced. This was always a very colorful example. The house has a frosting of white wooden rope moldings and finials cresting the roof and the dormers, and there is Carpenter&#39;s Lace and bead and spindle work on the front porch and the fanciful canopy above it."</p><br>
<p>It was the home of James Lay, a doctor who happened to have as a patient a French agent named Victor Hugo, when Hugo was visiting Hallettsville. Hugo was unable to pay for the medical care by normal means, and provided a design for the house instead. The house was built by B.J.E. Dietz.</p><br>
<p>It is a Recorded Texas Historic Landmark.</p><br>
<p>The Christopher Borgerding House is a historic house in Belgrade, Minnesota, United States. It was built from 1904 to 1905 for an early settler of Belgrade who became a successful businessman and platted an expansion to the town. The houses design exhibits Colonial Revival architecture but with unusual features, such as a deeply recessed porch, granite-and-brick first floor, and cross-gambrel roof. The Borgerding House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982 for its local significance in the themes of architecture and commerce. It was nominated for its unique and well preserved design and for its first owners role in the development of Belgrade.</p><br>
<p>The Hammond House in Calvert, Texas is a two-story Gothic Revival-style building built in 1875. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1970. It is also included in the National Register-listed Calvert Historic District. The listing includes two contributing buildings.</p><br>
<p>It was designed by St. Louis architect W.T. Ingraham</p><br>
<p>It is a Recorded Texas Historic Landmark.</p><br>
<p>It was designed to serve as the courthouse of Robertson County, Texas, but the county seat was moved to Franklin shortly before the building was completed, and it never did serve as a courthouse.</p><br>
<p>The Copperas Cove Stagestop and Post Office, in Coryell County, Texas about 1.6 mi southwest of Copperas Cove, Texas, was built in 1878. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979. It has also served as the Martin I. Walker Historical Museum. The listing includes one contributing building and one contributing structure.</p><br>
<p>It was built of limestone quarried nearby.</p><br>
<p>It was deemed notable as "a fine example of the vernacular stone structures that dotted the nineteenth century Texas landscape. It is the only structure remaining from the original town of Copperas Cove, then known as The Cove. Having served numerous functions strategic to the locale, beginning with its original as stage relay station and post office and including home and grocery, it continues to be a major landmark in its present condition as a museum."</p><br>
<p>It is a Texas State Antiquities Landmark; known as Ogletree Stagestop and Post Office; built in 1878.</p><br>
<p>The Ballinger Carnegie Library, at 204 N. 8th St. in Ballinger, Texas, is a Carnegie library which was built in 1909. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.</p><br>
<p>It is built in "a vernacular version" of Classical Revival style. Its most prominent feature is a two-story portico.</p><br>
<p>After construction of a one-story building was started, it was redesigned to add a second floor auditorium. Additional funding from the Carnegie Foundation was sought and denied, but followups led to another check from Andrew Carnegie.</p><br>
<p>The building, in addition to serving as the library, was an important cultural center for the community. In early years it was run by members of a Shakespeare club, and was later taken over by an American Legion group.</p><br>
<p>It is a Texas State Antiquities Landmark and a Recorded Texas Historic Landmark.</p><br>
<p>Farm No. 266—Johnny Cash Boyhood Home was the home of singer-songwriter Johnny Cash from 1935 to 1950. Cash moved with his family to a rural community in Mississippi County, Arkansas. The farm house was built in 1934 in a government project to help boost the economy. The Cash family joined the community in March 1935. Ray and Carrie Cash moved to Arkansas when they took an offer to farm government land for poor and impoverished farmers. The Cash family went through many hardships while living in the farm house by floods and losing one of their children, Jack Cash. Growing up picking cotton and working on the farm influenced some of Johnny Cashs songs in the future, one of them being "Pickin Time." In 2018, the home was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In March 1935, when American musician Johnny Cash was three years old, the family settled in Dyess, Arkansas, a New Deal colony of the Franklin Roosevelt administration. Dyess Colony was founded in Mississippi county in 1934 to give poor families a chance to work land that they had a chance to own. The colony was named after William Reynolds Dyess, a Mississippi native, and the first Arkansas WPA administrator. Dyess gave the idea of supplying farms to families in poverty to Harry Hopkins, and then named the first "Colonization Project No 1." 16,000 acres in Mississippi County were given to this project for 500 different families to come farm on. Families started arriving in October 1934. The Cash family settled in March 1935 on 20 acres. The house given to the Cash family is one of few left standing in the Dyess Colony.</p><br>
<p>J.R., as Cash was known as a child, started working in his father&#39;s cotton fields at the age of five, singing along with his family while working. He lived there until he graduated from high school in 1950. All families in Dyess colony depended on cotton. None were sharecroppers so the idea of one day purchasing their farms from the government was real. The government eventually stopped funding the scheme, but the Cash family continued farming at the property.</p><br>
<p>Arkansas State University acquired the home in 2011, and the university&#39;s Heritage Sites Office operates it as a small museum, "Historic Dyess Colony: Johnny Cash Boyhood Home", as of 2022. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2018.</p><br>
<h2>J.R. Cash growing up</h2><br>
<p>Johnny Cash was born to Ray, and Carrie Cash on February 26, 1932. J.R was the fourth born of seven kids to the Cash family. J.R was three years old when the family packed up and moved to their new home, Farm No. 266. The Great Depression was a tragedy at this time, but along with the Great Depression came floods and natural disasters. In 1937 the Mississippi and Ohio Rivers flooded. The flood was so bad on the Cash family, they had to evacuate. Everyone but Ray Cash left to go to Kingsland; until it was safe to return. Along with natural disasters and the Great Depression, the Cash family experienced a horrific personal tragedy when on May 20, 1944, Johnny&#39;s older brother, 14-year-old Jack Cash, was mortally wounded when he fell into a table saw at work, he would die in the hospital a week later.</p><br>
<h2>Incorporating the farm house into his music</h2><br>
<p>Johnny Cash used his experiences growing up at the farm house in many of his songs. One important song that was inspired from the farm house is, "Pickin&#39; Time".</p><br>
<p>The family farm was flooded on at least two occasions, which inspired his song "Five Feet High and Rising".</p><br>
<p>The Chancery House in St. Cloud, Minnesota, United States, is the current chancery for the Roman Catholic Diocese of St. Cloud and the former residence for the Bishop of St. Cloud. It was built in 1916 for Bishop Joseph Francis Busch. The Chancery House was an early work of Louis Pinault, St. Clouds most prominent early-20th-century architect. He employed Renaissance Revival style, with a mansard roof that gives the house a strong French character. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places as the Bishops House/Chancery Office in 1982 for its local significance in the theme of architecture. It was nominated for being one of Pinaults best designs and a prominent member of St. Clouds housing stock.</p><br>
<p>The Original Main Street Historic District stretches for ten blocks along Main Street in downtown Sauk Centre, Minnesota, United States. It is considered the inspiration for the 1920 novel Main Street by locally born author Sinclair Lewis, which in turn inspired the concept of "Main Street" as a symbol of American small towns. It was listed as a historic district on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994 for its national significance in the theme of social history. It was nominated for its close identification with the bestselling novel of the 1920s and the enduring concept it popularized.</p><br>
<p>At the time of the district&#39;s accession to the National Register, it contained 90 contributing properties and 55 non-contributing properties. The contributing properties include the 82.5 ft Main Street itself and the various surviving features along its length from the period 1920 to 1947. These include commercial and civic buildings, houses, parks, and a bridge and dam on the Sauk River.</p><br>
<p>The Freeze Building, at 18 W. Concho Ave. in San Angelo, Texas, was built in 1887. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997.</p><br>
<p>It is a two-story two-part commercial block building, constructed of local sandstone. It was first a blacksmith and wheelwright shop. It was built for Peter K. Freeze, a Danish blacksmith.</p><br>
<p>Freeze had 8 employees by 1888. He started a three-story expansion later, but that was not completed.</p><br>
<p>The Noble Hotel, at 112 N. Noble St. in Watonga, Oklahoma, is a two-story red brick hotel which was built in 1912 and 1937. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.</p><br>
<p>It was originally built to a 25x65 ft plan, and was doubled in size to 25x130 ft later. It has been suggested that it is "Prairie Commercial" in style.</p><br>
<p>The building contains various rooms lightly themed off of various peoples&#39; nicknames, as well as providing bed and breakfast, and hosting the local Lions club of Watonga, Oklahoma.</p><br>
<p>The Plainview Hardware Company Building, at 210 S. Main St. in Perryton, Texas, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.</p><br>
<p>It is a two-story masonry Art Deco-style building, with a dressed limestone veneer on its front and common bond brick on its sides and rear. It is 25x140 ft in plan. The Art Deco style is expressed by carved limestone</p><br>
<p>with bas relief detailing creating angular geometric forms, including some squares, and floral motifs.</p><br>
<p>The Williamson County Courthouse in Franklin, Tennessee is a historic courthouse. It is a contributing building in the Franklin Historic District, listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>The courthouse was built in 1858 and is the third one to serve the county. It is Greek Revival in style and 65x90 ft in plan. Its portico has four Doric columns which were cast at a nearby foundry.</p><br>
<p>It was damaged in an 1871 tornado but was restored.</p><br>
<p>In 1888, a 23-year-old African-American suspect, Amos Miller, was lynched: hanged from the balcony of the courthouse after being taken by a mob from the courtroom before his trial was completed.</p><br>
<p>The courthouse can be seen in the closing scene of the 1986 film At Close Range starring Sean Penn.</p><br>
<p>On the grounds of the courthouse is a Confederate Monument, which is separately listed on the National Register. A statue, March to Freedom was also installed outside.</p><br>
<p>East Main Street Historic District is a historic district in downtown New Iberia, Louisiana, United States, located along East Main Street from Weeks Street to Philip Street.</p><br>
<p>The 30 acre area comprises a total of 71 buildings, of which 57 are considered contributing properties, and 4 are also listed on the National Register of Historic Places as individual properties or contributing properties of Downtown New Iberia Commercial Historic District, one of them (Shadows-on-the-Teche) is also a National Historic Landmark. Building dates vary from 1834 to 1933 and represent the most relevant structures of New Iberia&#39;s main residential rue in historic period.</p><br>
<p>The historic district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on July 28, 1983.</p><br>
<h2>Contributing properties</h2><br>
<p>The historical district contains a total of 57 contributing properties, built between 1834 and 1933:</p><br>
<p>Temple Gates of Prayer (Synagogue), 109 South Weeks Street, 30.00376&deg; latitude, -91.81687&deg; longitude, built c.1903. Also listed in Downtown New Iberia Commercial Historic District.</p><br>
<p>Old Post Office, 300 East Main Street, 30.00411&deg; latitude, -91.81656&deg; longitude, built c.1903. Also listed in Downtown New Iberia Commercial Historic District.</p><br>
<p>Shadows-on-the-Teche, 317 East Main Street, 30.00439&deg; latitude, -91.81566&deg; longitude, built 1834. Also individually listed as a National Historic Landmark.</p><br>
<p>House at 314 East Main Street, 30.00392&deg; latitude, -91.81622&deg; longitude, built c.1900.</p><br>
<p>First Federal Savings & Loan, 320 East Main Street, 30.00373&deg; latitude, -91.81592&deg; longitude, built 1902.</p><br>
<p>House at 333 East Main Street, 30.00408&deg; latitude, -91.81502&deg; longitude, built c.1900.</p><br>
<p>House at 405 East Main Street, 30.00384&deg; latitude, -91.8149&deg; longitude, built 1890s.</p><br>
<p>House at 412 East Main Street, 30.00312&deg; latitude, -91.81541&deg; longitude, built c.1880.</p><br>
<p>House at 417 East Main Street, 30.00364&deg; latitude, -91.81451&deg; longitude, built 1890s.</p><br>
<p>House at 424 East Main Street, 30.00285&deg; latitude, -91.8147&deg; longitude, built 1920s.</p><br>
<p>House at 425 East Main Street, 30.00341&deg; latitude, -91.81416&deg; longitude, built 1890s.</p><br>
<p>House at 438 East Main Street, 30.00278&deg; latitude, -91.81439&deg; longitude, built 1920s.</p><br>
<p>House at 442 East Main Street, 30.00273&deg; latitude, -91.81417&deg; longitude, built 1890s.</p><br>
<p>House at 446 East Main Street, 30.00258&deg; latitude, -91.81406&deg; longitude, built 1920s.</p><br>
<p>House at 504 East Main Street, 30.00207&deg; latitude, -91.81307&deg; longitude, built c.1910.</p><br>
<p>House at 511 East Main Street, 30.00248&deg; latitude, -91.81242&deg; longitude, built c.1930.</p><br>
<p>House at 512 East Main Street, 30.00198&deg; latitude, -91.81277&deg; longitude, built c.1920.</p><br>
<p>House at 520 East Main Street, 30.0019&deg; latitude, -91.81252&deg; longitude, built c.1930.</p><br>
<p>House at 534 East Main Street, 30.00165&deg; latitude, -91.81199&deg; longitude, built c.1880.</p><br>
<p>House at 541 East Main Street, 30.00213&deg; latitude, -91.81139&deg; longitude, built c.1930.</p><br>
<p>House at 544 East Main Street, 30.00138&deg; latitude, -91.81175&deg; longitude, built c.1880.</p><br>
<p>House at 604 East Main Street, 30.00124&deg; latitude, -91.81127&deg; longitude, built c.1890.</p><br>
<p>House at 608 East Main Street, 30.00118&deg; latitude, -91.81114&deg; longitude, built c.1890.</p><br>
<p>House at 616 East Main Street, 30.00106&deg; latitude, -91.81087&deg; longitude, built c.1900.</p><br>
<p>Steamboat House, 623 East Main Street, 30.00147&deg; latitude, -91.81028&deg; longitude, built 1882. Also known as Cyr House and individually listed.</p><br>
<p>House at 624 East Main Street, 30.00098&deg; latitude, -91.81066&deg; longitude, built c.1890.</p><br>
<p>House at 625 East Main Street, 30.00134&deg; latitude, -91.80998&deg; longitude, built 1920s.</p><br>
<p>House at 630 East Main Street, 30.00075&deg; latitude, -91.81034&deg; longitude, built c.1925.</p><br>
<p>House at 640 East Main Street, 30.00049&deg; latitude, -91.81014&deg; longitude, built c.1900.</p><br>
<p>House at 647 East Main Street, 30.00109&deg; latitude, -91.80947&deg; longitude, built 1920s.</p><br>
<p>House at 651 East Main Street, 30.00087&deg; latitude, -91.80932&deg; longitude, built c.1890.</p><br>
<p>House at 656 East Main Street, 30.00034&deg; latitude, -91.80965&deg; longitude, built c.1890.</p><br>
<p>House at 664 East Main Street, 30.00013&deg; latitude, -91.80934&deg; longitude, built c.1850.</p><br>
<p>House at 667 East Main Street, 30.00058&deg; latitude, -91.80877&deg; longitude, built 1920s.</p><br>
<p>House at 701 East Main Street, 30.00053&deg; latitude, -91.80845&deg; longitude, built 1920s.</p><br>
<p>House at 705 East Main Street, 30.00044&deg; latitude, -91.80827&deg; longitude, built 1920s.</p><br>
<p>House at 707 East Main Street, 30.00037&deg; latitude, -91.80812&deg; longitude, built 1920s.</p><br>
<p>House at 712 East Main Street, 29.99979&deg; latitude, -91.80838&deg; longitude, built c.1900.</p><br>
<p>House at 715 East Main Street, 30.00023&deg; latitude, -91.8079&deg; longitude, built 1920s.</p><br>
<p>House at 718 East Main Street, 29.99966&deg; latitude, -91.80824&deg; longitude, built c.1900.</p><br>
<p>House at 724 East Main Street, 29.99954&deg; latitude, -91.80788&deg; longitude, built c.1880.</p><br>
<p>House at 727 East Main Street, 30.00003&deg; latitude, -91.80746&deg; longitude, built c.1930.</p><br>
<p>House at 729 East Main Street, 29.99993&deg; latitude, -91.80729&deg; longitude, built c.1890.</p><br>
<p>House at 775 East Main Street, 29.99976&deg; latitude, -91.80706&deg; longitude, built c.1890.</p><br>
<p>House at 812 East Main Street, 29.99917&deg; latitude, -91.80713&deg; longitude, built c.1910.</p><br>
<p>House at 815 East Main Street, 29.99962&deg; latitude, -91.80676&deg; longitude, built 1920s.</p><br>
<p>House at 826 East Main Street, 29.99962&deg; latitude, -91.80676&deg; longitude, built 1920s.</p><br>
<p>House at 829 East Main Street, 29.9993&deg; latitude, -91.80639&deg; longitude, built c.1890.</p><br>
<p>House at 830 East Main Street, 29.99897&deg; latitude, -91.80664&deg; longitude, built c.1890.</p><br>
<p>House at 200 Philip Street, 29.99965&deg; latitude, -91.80609&deg; longitude, built c.1900.</p><br>
<p>House at 202 Philip Street, 29.99982&deg; latitude, -91.80583&deg; longitude, built 1902.</p><br>
<p>House at 206 Philip Street, 30.00004&deg; latitude, -91.8055&deg; longitude, built 1920s.</p><br>
<p>House at 119 Lee Street, 29.99911&deg; latitude, -91.80783&deg; longitude, built c.1890.</p><br>
<p>House at 120 Lee Street, 29.99939&deg; latitude, -91.80814&deg; longitude, built c.1920.</p><br>
<p>House at 122 Lee Street, 29.9993&deg; latitude, -91.80836&deg; longitude, built c.1920.</p><br>
<p>House at 127 Ann Street, 29.99949&deg; latitude, -91.80939&deg; longitude, built c.1890.</p><br>
<p>House at 129 Ann Street, 29.99936&deg; latitude, -91.80946&deg; longitude, built c.1890.</p><br>
<p>The Old USA Forest Products Laboratory, built in 1910 in Madison, Wisconsin, housed a new national lab, and the first institution in the world created specifically to research wood and wood products. Research in this building produced breakthroughs in wood preservation, laminates, and paper production. The building itself is a good example of Georgian Revival-style architecture. In 1985 the building was added to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>By the late 1800s, it was becoming clear to some that North America&#39;s forests were not inexhaustible, so it was important to find ways to use them more efficiently. In 1876 Congress authorized one person to study the matter. Five years later it created a Division of Forestry within the Department of Agriculture. That division eventually developed into the United States Forest Service.</p><br>
<p>By 1908 the Forest Service had various labs scattered around the country: Purdue and Yale, Washington, California, Oregon, Colorado, and Boston. That year the Service decided to consolidate those labs in one facility. The location was determined partly by a bidding competition in which Wisconsin beat universities like Yale and the University of Michigan. The UW was chosen for its rail connections, for its access to America&#39;s timber-producing regions, and for its reputation for scientific research.</p><br>
<p>The UW had agreed to provide a building for the lab. Albert F. Gallistel, working in the office of UW Supervising Architect Arthur Peabody, designed the building with technical input from McGarvey Cline, the Forest Service&#39;s Chief of the Office of Wood Utilization. They designed a building with a C-shaped footprint 182 by 90 feet on a poured concrete foundation. It displays the symmetry, red brick, and classical detail of Georgian Revival style, including these elements: quoins on the corners, heads on the quoins which suggest pilasters, and a modillioned cornice with cornice returns. The main entrance is framed in limestone. Above it is an elliptical window. The roof is covered in red tile. The multi-pane windows are typical of Georgian Revival style, and the first story ones are decorated with keystones.</p><br>
<p>In 1910 the various labs moved into the new unified Forest Products Laboratory at Madison. Timber physics, timber testing, and the pulp, paper and wood preservation labs moved into the first floor. Wood chemistry and wood distillation labs were on the second floor.</p><br>
<p>For a few years the lab at Madison remained the worlds only institution dedicated to research on wood and its uses. In those first years under McGarvey Cline and Howard Weiss, the labs focus was on wood preservation. In 1911 Harry Tiemann patented a humidity-regulated dry kiln that improved the quality of dried wood and reduced waste. During WWI, with Carlile Winslow as director, research on glues and plywood at the lab helped the aircraft industry. During the 1920s the lab developed the "semi-chemical" process of reducing hardwoods to pulp for making paper, expanding the paper-making industry.</p><br>
<p>This building housed the Forest Products lab until 1932, at which time operations were moved to a larger complex on Gifford Pinchot Drive. At that point the UW&#39;s Mining and Metallurgy moved into the building. That department has since been renamed Materials Science. In 1985 it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places and on the State Register of Historic Places in 1989.</p><br>
